Off-Grid Basics:
Lithium Battery FAQ
Lithium ION -vs- Lithium Iron Phosphate
“Lithium Ion” is a blanket term used to cover battery chemistries that are based on lithium — there are many lithium battery chemistries, and there are massive differences between them. At NAG FAB, we exclusively use Lithium Iron Phosphate (a.k.a. LiFePO4) batteries.
LiFePO4 batteries are different from those used in electric cars (a.k.a. EVs) and mobile devices, and they have a lot of advantages that make them ideal for off-grid power systems.
FAQ
Are LiFePO4 Batteries Safe?
LiFePO4 batteries stand out for their safety profile.
All batteries, even conventional lead acid batteries, can experience a condition called “thermal runaway” if they are mistreated. This condition can result in battery explosions and fires.
LiFePO4 batteries, unlike the battery chemistries used in EVs and mobile devices, are more stable and less prone to thermal runaway conditions. Furthermore, they do not produce excessive amounts of oxygen in the event that they experience a thermal runaway condition. What does that mean? LiFePO4 batteries do not produce the inextinguishable electric car fires and exploding phones that you see on the news. They are combustible, but no more so than the plastic, carpet, and foam materials that make up your vehicle.
Do LiFePO4 Batteries Present Human Rights concerns?
LiFePO4 batteries are distinct in their composition, notably excluding cobalt, a mineral often linked to human rights issues in its mining processes. This differentiation sets LiFePO4 apart from other lithium batteries used in EVs and mobile devices. Their cobalt-free nature not only alleviates concerns over human rights violations but also points to a more ethically sustainable choice for consumers looking for responsible energy solutions.
How Long Do LiFePO4 Batteries Last?
One of the most significant advantages of LiFePO4 batteries is their exceptional lifespan. Outperforming other battery chemistries, LiFePO4 batteries can last for 3000-7000 cycles, equating to about 10-20 years of daily use. Even as they reach the end of their life, these batteries maintain usability with only a reduction in capacity, offering long-term value and reliability for users.
Are LiFePO4 Batteries Expensive?
While the initial investment in LiFePO4 batteries may be higher compared to traditional lead-acid batteries, their long-term value is unparalleled. They are among the most cost-effective lithium ion chemistries available. Factoring in their extended lifespan and superior capacity, LiFePO4 batteries present a more economical choice over the long term, despite the higher upfront cost.
So why aren’t LiFePO4 Batteries Used Everywhere?
Despite their advantages, LiFePO4 batteries are not universally adopted across all use cases.
Firstly, their energy density is marginally outperformed by other lithium chemistries in applications where size and weight are critical, such as in EVs and mobile devices. However, the performance, size, and weight of LiFePO4 batteries are incomparably superior to the lead based batteries typically used in mobile off-grid power systems.
Secondly, like all batteries, LiFePO4 batteries have some limitations at cold temperatures. LiFePO4 batteries cannot be charged if their internal temperature is below 32*F, and they cannot be discharged if their internal temperature is below -4*F. However, these batteries create heat when they are being charged / discharged, so with proper insulation and low-power heating solutions, these batteries are adaptable and can function efficiently in a range of environments.